Study Guide

Synopsis

 Prologue

A voice, not unlike God's, can be heard. It describes a deadly threat to humanity's existence. This deadly threat surfaced (as most deadly threats do) in the seemingly most innocent and unlikely of places.

CRYSTAL, RONNETTE, and CHIFFON come on and introduce the musical with the title song (Little Shop of Horrors). Singing in the style of girl groups from the sixties, they warn the audience to beware of the dangers which will happen in the course of the story.

 Act I, Scene 1

The clock slowly moves from nine to ten a.m. in Mushnik's Skid Row Florists as an earsplitting crash echoes from the back room. SEYMOUR, in the back room, assures MUSHNIK that nothing is broken.

As the clock hits two o'clock, AUDREY, Mushnik's dizzy blonde employee, comes in with a black-eye. Even though he has had no customers all day, Mushnik scolds her tardiness as another crash erupts from the back room. Noticing Audrey's black-eye, Mushnik suggests that her boyfriend is NOT a nice boy. Audrey reminds Mushnik that you don't meet nice boys on skid row.

Seymour comes on with trays of repotted plants and promptly sends them flying when he trips on his own feet in a dorky manner. Mushnik starts to yell at Seymour, but Audrey stops him. Seymour admires Audrey's eye makeup. Fed up with his existence, his lousy business, and his misfit employees, Mushnik clears Ronnette, Crystal, and Chiffon off his stoop and tells them to go to school.

Crystal says there's no such thing as "bettering yourself" on skid row and she, Ronnette, and Chiffon describe their lives downtown (Skid Row). They can work uptown as clerks for jerks, but they always have to come downtown.

Audrey joins in the song and complains that all the downtown guys are jerks and longs for something better. Seymour joins in the song as he wonders why he was set on the earth. He remembers that as an orphan, Mushnik took him in and forced him to work in the shop. Seymour constantly prays to get out of skid row. That sentiment is shared by Audrey and everyone who lives on skid row.

At six o'clock, without having even one customer, Mushnik announces that he is closing the flower shop for good. Seymour suggests that the shop should move in a new direction. He has been working on a strange and interesting plant which they could display in the window to attract customers. Because Seymour could not identify the plant in any book, he decided to name it Audrey Two. Mushnik thinks displaying the plant is a ridiculous idea. At the same time, a CUSTOMER shows up asking about the strange and interesting plant in the window. As the urchins back him up , Seymour describes how he bought the plant from an old Chinese man during a total eclipse of the sun (Da-Doo). Fascinated by the story, the Customer decides to buy one hundred dollars worth of roses.

After the Customer leaves, Mushnik puts Audrey Two in the window and offers to take Seymour and Audrey out to dinner. Audrey declines because she has a date with her professional rebel. Seymour is still able to go to dinner, but Mushnik orders Seymour to stay with Audrey Two who is wilting and looks unhealthy.

Left alone with the plant, Seymour does not know what the plant needs.  He sings about how he's given it everything a plant could need. What more could this plant want-blood? On the word, "blood", Audrey Two perks up, and On' Seymour realizes that a few drops of human blood will make Audrey Two grow... and grow... and grow (Grow For Me).

Act 1 , Scene 2

Seymour is interviewed on a radio show as a botanical genius because he has seemingly invented a new breed of plant life. Seymour reminds the listeners that Audrey Two is on display at Mushnik's Skid Row Florists. Although he is unhappy that Seymour did not give the shop's address, Mushnik sings about his new-found success. When Seymour returns to Skid Row with Audrey Two (who by this time is snapping at the humans), he is greeted by Chiffon, Ronnette, and Crystal who celebrate Seymour's success (Ya Never Know). 

Audrey rushes on and apologizes to Seymour for missing the broadcast. She was handcuffed to her boyfriend. Ronnette, Chiffon, and Crystal suggest Audrey get a new man-preferably a little botanical genius. In the song, Somewhere That's Green”, Audrey dreams of the life that she and Seymour could have in the suburbs.

Act 1 , Scene 3

A week later, the flower shop is undergoing a major renovation (Closed for Renovation). Because Audrey Two has been attracting a lot of customers, Mushnik, Seymour and Audrey are making much needed improvements to the store. Audrey Two is now five feet tall with spiked leaves.

After the song, Mushnik asks Seymour about a very important funeral account. When Seymour admits that he's forgotten about it, Mushnik yells at him and storms off. Audrey tells Seymour that she thinks Mushnik's too hard on him. Seymour feels he owes Mushnik for getting him out of the Skid Row Home for Boys. Audrey thinks Seymour should raise his expectations and offers to take him shopping for new clothes. Surprised that Audrey wants to be seen in public with him, Seymour asks if she's free that night. Unfortunately, Audrey has a date.

On the street, ORIN SCRIVELLO, in a black leather jacket, asks Crystal, Ronnette, and Chiffon where the flower shop is, so he can pick up his date.  Realizing that Orin gave Audrey her black-eye, the girls descend on Orin and beat him up. Orin offers a truce and explains that he is not a monster. Actually, his work requires a fascination with pain and suffering. He is a dentist and describes his life's calling to cause pain and misery (Dentist!).

Orin pops his head in Mushnik's Skid Row Florists Shop. Amazed by Audrey Two, Orin tells Seymour that he shouldn't stay on skid row because the plant is a ticket to something better. Audrey tries to explain that Seymour is loyal, Chi but Orin stifles her conversation and tells Seymour he should think about quitting Mushnik's. Orin and Audrey leave quickly with handcuffs.

Mushnik, having eavesdropped on what Orin said, returns to the shop. While Seymour worries about Audrey, Mushnik worries about losing Audrey Two if Seymour leaves. Mushnik offers to adopt Seymour as his son (Mushnik and Son).

Happy that his luck has changed but feeling dizzy from feeding Audrey Two so much of his own blood, Seymour starts to go to get some dinner. The plant wilts, but Seymour assures it that he will feed it in a few days. Suddenly the plant speaks. "Feed me!" it says. Seymour says he has no more blood left, but the plant demands more. The plant tells Seymour that he will have fortune and success if he just feeds it. Seymour has strong reservations about killing people, but the plant reminds Seymour that a lot of people deserve to die. At this very opportune moment, Orin and Audrey return. Audrey has forgotten her sweater.  Orin slaps her around for it. Seymour and the plant reach the same conclusion—"the guy sure looks like plant food (Git It).

Act 1 Scene 4

Seymour finds Orin at his office and points a gun at him. Orin easily takes the gun from Seymour, wrestles him into the dentist's chair, and threatens him with the drill. Orin pulls out a container of laughing gas, complete with a gas mask and puts it on himself to get high. In a gassed-out blissful moment, Orin disappears behind the chair. Seymour realizes that he should kill Orin now, while he has the opportunity, but he can not bring himself to pull the trigger.  Meanwhile, Orin can not get his gas mask off and realizes that he could asphyxiate to death. After much internal ethical debate, Seymour decides not to remove Orin's gas mask. Consequently, Orin laughs himself to death (Now (It's Just The Gas)).

Act I, Coda

As Seymour feeds Orin's body parts to the plant, Crystal, Ronnette, and Chiffon sing about the creepy things happening in the flower shop.

Act 2, Scene 1

The sign in the flower shop window now reads "Mushnik and Son". Audrey and Mushnik busily take flower orders over the phone while Ronnette leads another customer into the store. Late for a meeting with his lawyer, Mushnik runs out as Seymour runs in after making another delivery. Audrey asks him to help her with the phone orders. Audrey and Seymour handle a deluge of phone calls from customers (Call Back in the Morning). When the clock hits six, Audrey and Seymour tell the callers to call back in the morning, and they sit down exhausted.

Seymour tells Audrey that he's been shopping for a new wardrobe and shows off his new black leather jacket to her. Speechless and overcome with emotion, Audrey runs out. Seymour, taking off the jacket, follows her outside and tells her that he just wanted to impress her. Audrey admits that she is relieved that Orin is missing, however, she feels guilty because she secretly wishes that he has met with a foul and terrible accident. Seymour tells her that she deserves a nice guy, but Audrey says she only meets creeps in the Gutter, a nightspot where she works in cheap and tasteless outfits. Seymour sees the girl underneath the makeup and he vows to be her friend (Suddenly Seymour).   Joining in the song, Audrey hopes Seymour will help her find the girl inside her. After their duet Seymour and Audrey embrace passionately, but Mushnik walks in on them.

Staring at Seymour, Mushnik ominously asks Audrey if she'd like to visit her dentist friend. Seymour reminds Mushnik that Orin disappeared, and sends Audrey home. When Audrey is gone, Mushnik notices little red dots on the floor. Seymour says he spilled punch. Mushnik says he was called to the police station because a Mushnik's shopping bag was found in Orin's office. Then, going through the trash (which is only collected once a month), not Mushnik finds a dentist's uniform. As the plant begins to sing, Mushnik accuses Seymour of killing the dentist in order to get his girl. Seymour maintains his innocence until Mushnik shows him a picture of his baseball cap that was found in Orin's office. Seymour agrees to go to the police station with Mushnik, but tells Mushnik that he forgot the combination to the safe and left the day's receipts in the plant. As Ronnette, Chiffon, and Crystal sing, Mushnik knocks on the plant. The plant opens wide, lets Muslinik in, traps him inside, and starts to chew (Suppertime).

 Act 2, Scene 2

As Seymour leaves the flower shop, Ronnette, Chiffon, and Crystal accost him like squealing teenage fans. They tell Seymour that another uptown big shot is looking for him. Offers are coming in fast and furious as BERNSTEIN from NBC offers Seymour his own show, MRS. LUCE offers Seymour a magazine cover and an AGENT offers him a lecturing tour.  Realizing that his success will come with more killing, Seymour decides to kill the plant. However, he thinks of lovely Audrey who might not like him without his plant. Determined to keep Audrey, Seymour takes the offers as the girls remind us that the meek always get what's coming to them (The Meek Shall Inherit).

Act 2, Scene 3

The plant, now taking up most of the stage, demands to be fed. Busy writing his lecture tour speech, Seymour promises that after they are photographed for Life Magazine, it will never be hungry again. The plant continues to demand food, and Seymour becomes hysterical.

Audrey comes in and worries that the stress of running the shop is getting to Seymour. She asks when Mr. Mushnik will return. Seymour reminds her that he is visiting his sister in Czechoslovakia and will be gone a long time. Seymour then asks Audrey if she would still like him without Audrey Two.  Audrey admits that she'd still love him. Hearing this, Seymour decides to kill the plant after Life Magazine takes their picture; then Seymour and Audrey would have the suburban life together they always dreamed of. Audrey can not understand what Seymour is talking about. Assuring her that he will explain everything, he sends her home. The clock strikes mid-night, and the plant continues to demand food. Seymour offers to get it a pound of rare roast beef. The plant, seeing Audrey return, agrees. Seymour leaves.

Unable to sleep, Audrey needs to talk to Seymour. In a reprise of Suppertime, the plant calls to Audrey who is surprised that it can talk. The plant tells her that it needs to be watered. When Audrey comes close to it with the watering can, the plant grabs her. Starting to eat her, the plant tells her to relax because she'll soon be with Mushnik and Orin. Seymour charges in and pulls Audrey out of the plant.

Weak and dying, Audrey asks Seymour about Mushnik and Orin. Seymour admits that he had fed them to the plant. Audrey tells Seymour to feed her dead body to the plant, so that the plant will bring him all the wonderful things he deserves. Seymour refuses, but Audrey convinces him that if she's inside the plant, they will always be together. She sings a reprise of Somewhere That's Green and dies in Seymour's arms. As the music swells and the sunset goes nuts, Seymour feeds Audrey's body to Audrey Two.

PATRICK MARTIN from World Botanical Enterprises finds Seymour shattered by Audrey's demise. Martin wants to take leaf cutting from Audrey Two and sell them to every florist in America. Pretty soon, every household in America will have its own Audrey II. Martin goes back to his truck to get some flower pots.

Seymour realizes that the plant has been planning world conquest all along. The plant tells Seymour that it is too late to stop it. Seymour pulls out a gun and shoots the plant. The plant laughs. Seymour forces the plant to eat rat poison. The plant just spits it out. Seymour grabs a machete and climbs into the plant. The plant closes in on him and spits out the machete.

Martin returns with pruning shears and flower pots. Ronnette, Chiffon, and Crystal take clippings of the plant and describe how the plants ate Cleveland, Des Moines, Peoria, New York, and this theatre. Audrey Two grows larger as the faces of Seymour, Mushnik, Audrey, and Orin appear in the plant's flowers. The faces warn the audience not to feed the plants (Don't Feed The Plants). As the company continues to warn to the audience not to feed the plants, vines come down over the audience's head, and the theatre is engulfed with by the plant. Lights go to black as the audience is eaten.

The End

 

ASSIGNMENTS AND WRITING PROMPTS

  • Little Shop of Horrors satirizes the Faust legend. Read the story of Faust.  In what other musical styles has the story been told? Listen to the opera Faust and read and listen to Damn Yankees. In what ways does Little Shop of Horrors satirize Faust. Write your own contemporary satire of the Faust legend.
  • Little Shop of Horrors satirizes the conventions of “B" movies. What are "B" movies? What are other "B" movies. What do they often seem to have in common? In what ways does Little Shop of Horrors satirize them?

RONNETTE, CHIFFON, AND CRYSTAL AS GREEK CHORUS

QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION PROMPTS

  • Why do Ronnette, Chiffon, and Crystal sing "Little Shop of Horrors" at the beginning of the musical? What information do they give the audience?
  • How would you define a Chorus? How do Ronnette, Chiffon, and Crystal fit into your definition of chorus?
  • A Chorus in Greek tragedy comments on the story and makes things happen within the story. How do Ronnette, Chiffon, and Crystal do this?

 ASSIGNMENTS/RESEARCH AND WRITING PROMPTS

  • Read one of the following plays: Oedipus the King by Sophocles,' Antigone by Sophocles, Agamemnon by Aeschylus, The Bacchae by Euripides.
  • Who are the Chorus in the play?
  • How does the Chorus comment on the staging?

LITTLE SHOP OF HORRORS AS MUSICAL THEATRE

QUESTION AND DISCUSSION PROMPTS

  • How did music and lyrics evoke time and place for you?
  • Discuss the ways the music is indispensable to the characters?
  • What role does music play in your life? If you were to choose moments in your life worthy of being set to music, what would they be?
  • Does any of the music in Little Shop of Horrors sound familiar to you?  Can you explain why?  See the bio of the composer.

CREATORS OF MUSICAL THEATRE

  • The musical, Little Shop of Horrors, was written by Howard Ashman (book and lyrics) and Alan Menken (music).

 CREATE YOUR OWN MUSICAL

  • How do ideas begin? Have you ever begun a project with a simple idea? 
  •  Give examples of great ideas or inventions that have begun with simple thoughts or images.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

  • Write a review of a performance of Little Shop of Horrors.  You may wish to include any combination of the following elements in your review.
  • Did the show hold your interest and why?
  • Describe the way music and lyrics worked in the show.
  • Describe the sets, costumes, lighting, and musical accompaniment.  How did these elements add meaning to the show?
  • Discuss the ideas presented in the show.  Analyze their importance to your reader.
  • Explain why your reader should make an effort to see the show.

 APPENDIX

 ABOUT THE AUTHORS:

ALAN MENKEN (Composer). Stage credits include Beauty and the Beast, Little Shop of Horrors, A Christmas Carol, King David, God Bless You Mr. Rosewater, Kicks, Real Life Funnies, The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz and Weird Romance. Stage awards include Best Score - Tony nomination, Outer Critics Circle Award; Best Musical- New York Drama Critics Award, Drama Desk Award, Detro London Evening Standard Award, Olivier Award, Dora Award, Outer Critics Circle Award and L.A. Drama Critics Award. Film credits include The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Newsies, Pocahontas, Life With Mikey, The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Hercules. Film awards include four Academy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards for Best Score, four Academy Awards and four Golden Globe Awards for Best Song (Under the Sea, Beauty and the Beast, A Whole New World, (Colors of the Wind). Other notable achievements include 10 Grammy Awards, including Best Song of the Year (A Whole New World), a Billboard number one album (Pocohontas) array and number one single (A Whole New World) and BMI's Richard Kirk Award. Other credits include the score for "Lincoln" (ABC mini-series), the songs My Christmas Tree from Home Alone 2 and The Measure of a Man from Rocky.

HOWARD ASHMAN (Lyricist) wrote the lyrics for Disney animated films: The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast and Aladdin (three songs). He was a Producer on The Little Mermaid and Executive Producer on Beauty and the Beast. With composer Alan Menken, he received two Oscars and two Golden Globes for Best Song (Beauty and the Beast and Under the Sea) and four Grammys. He received an Oscar nomination with Mr. Menken for Friend Like Me from Aladdin. As Author, Lyricist and Director for the record breaking stage musical Little Shop of Horrors, Mr. Ashman received two Outer Critics' Circle Awards, a New York Drama Critics Circle Award. For the film version of Little Shop Of Horrors, he received Best Screenplay nomination from the Writers Guild and, with Mr. Menken, an Oscar nomination for Best Song. He was Author, Lyricist and Director of Smile for which he received a Tony nomination for Best Book. His other credits include God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater; The Confirmation; Artistic Director, WPA Theatre (1976-1982). Born in Baltimore, Mr. Ashman died at age 40 of complications due to AIDS.

ROGER CORMAN (Director of the film, Little Shop OF Horrors). Born in Detroit on April 5, 1927, Corman received a bachelor's degree in engineering from Stanford University in 1947. After a stint in the navy, he took a job at 20th Century Fox and by 1949 was a story analyst at the studio. After leaving Fox, he did post-graduate work in modern English literature at Oxford's Balliol College. When he returned to Hollywood, he worked briefly as a literary agent. In 1953, Roger Corman sold his first screenplay, HIGHWAY DRAGNET, to Allied Artists and served as associate producer on the film. With the proceeds of the sale he made THE MONSTER FROM THE OCEAN FLOOR the following year on the budget of $18,000. Corman began producing a wide array of low-budget features for American International Pictures in a variety of genres-westerns, sci-fi, hot rod, and rock and roll movies. In 1957, Corman turned out nine films-some of which were completed in two or three days. In 1960, he made LITTLE SHOP OF HORRORS which was shot in two and a half days on standing studio sets about to be torn down. After the success of LITTLE SHOP OF HORRORS and other films, Corman procured larger budgets. Throughout the sixties, Corman's cycle of Vincent Price/Edgar Allan Poe films earned him international acclaim. In 1964, he became the youngest producer / director to receive a retrospective from the French Film Institute. Other films from the sixties include "biker" movie, WILD ANGELS (1966) starring Peter Fonda and Nancy Sinatra, and THE TRIP (1967) written by and starring Jack Nicholson. In 1970, he founded his own production and distribution company, New World Pictures. During New World's first year, all eleven pictures distributed showed substantial profits. In addition to distributing such cult classics as ROCK AND ROLL HIGH SCHOOL, New World also released films in the United States by prominent directors like Ingmar Bergman, Francois Truffaut, Frederico Fellini, Akira Kurosawa, and Werner Herzog. In 1983, he sold New World pictures and formed a new production company, Concorde-New Horizons, whose films include: SPACE RAIDERS, DEATHSTALKER, LOVE LETTERS, SUBURBIA, REFLECTIONS IN THE DARK, and SHOPPING. In 1990, Corman wrote his autobiography (with Jim Jerome), HOW I MADE A HUNDRED MOVIES IN HOLLYWOOD AND NEVER LOST A DIME.

ABOUT LITTLE SHOP OF HORRORS

Little Shop of Horrors started as a low-budget horror film (released in 1960) written by Charles Griffith and directed by Roger Corman. There were some standing sets about to be torn down at a small rental studio, and Corman asked if he could shoot on it for a few days. He and Griffith wrote the script in ten days in various coffee houses around Hollywood. Working fast with very little money, they shot the film in two days and a night. After it was released, Little Shop of Horrors became a cult classic and a popular midnight movie.

Little Shop of Horrors (the musical) was originally produced by the WPA Theatre, an off-off broadway theatre founded in 1968. The show ran from May 6 to June 6, 1982 and quickly sold out because of word of mouth.

The musical then transferred to the Orpheum Theatre on Second Avenue where it was produced by the WPA Theatre, The Shubert Organization, David Geffen, and Cameron Mackintosh. In 1983, it won the New York Drama Critics Best Musical Award (winning over the recent Broadway hit, Cats). At the Orpheum, it ran for more than five years and played 2,209 performances. It is the third longest running off-Broadway musical.   Little Shop of Horrors closed on November 1, 1987.

After Little Shop of Horrors closed, Audrey II was displayed in the Smithsonian Institution for six months as part of a "Search for Life" exhibition.

In December 1986, a movie version of the musical based on a movie was released. It starred Rich Moranis, Steve Martin, and Ellen Greene (as Audrey, the role she originated off-broadway). It was directed by Frank Oz and produced by David Geffen. Although many critics disliked its "happy" ending, the film has gained a cult following in the tradition of the original 1960 Roger Corman classic.

Study guide courtesy of MIT, Sarah Schlesinger, and Jen Huszcza.

 
 

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